Proxmox VE（PVE）进行硬盘扩容操作教程

之前写了一篇锐角云安装 PVE 的教程，但是好多人在 U 盘克隆到 EMMC 后不会扩容分区，因此我写一篇这样的教程吧。

首先按照下面的方法进行安装 PVE

请不要跳着阅读，请阅读完成后再进行操作

因为我主要是用 Windows，因此下面教程是用 VMware 安装的 PVE 进行演示

准备

正常安装 PVE，克隆硬盘到 emmc 上
启动 emmc 里的 PVE，确认正常
3.PVE 使用的local 与 local-lvm 逻辑卷
local主要是 VZDump 备份文件, ISO 镜像, 容器模板
local-lvm主要是磁盘映像, 容器
因此我在这里选择扩充local-lvm, 这里只有 14G

local-lvm 扩容之前

使用 xshell 一类的软件通过 ssh 进入系统，ip 是 pve 的 ip，端口是 22，用户名是 root，密码是 pve 的密码

修复

有时候有提示警告才需要修复，没警告就不用

使用

fdisk -l

可能会有红色提示：

GPT PMBR size mismatch (67108863 != 121634815) will be corrected by write.

中文含义：GPT PMBR 大小不匹配（67108863 != 121634815）将通过写纠正。

先修复这个提示：
执行

apt-get update
apt-get install parted
parted -l

emmm，按理说会在弹出 Fix/Ignore? 的提示
输入 Fix 后回车即可。
但是我这里没提示啊，大概是 fdisk 的 bug 吧，那就不管他了。
如果它提示需 fix 的话，输入 fix 然后回车就能自动修复了

扩容分区

请自己根据命令查到的路径进行相应操作，每个人的卷路径可能不一样

PVE 使用的是 LVM 管理local 与 local-lvm 逻辑卷，因此需要先扩容最底层的分区
先安装需要的软件

apt-get update
apt-get install parted

执行

fdisk -l

提示

GPT PMBR size mismatch (67108863 != 121634815) will be corrected by write.
Disk /dev/sda: 58 GiB, 62277025792 bytes, 121634816 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 0C17A6FD-69E2-401F-97C8-209F38118AC9

Device       Start      End  Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1       34     2047     2014 1007K BIOS boot
/dev/sda2     2048  1050623  1048576  512M EFI System
/dev/sda3  1050624 67108830 66058207 31.5G Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/pve-swap: 3.9 GiB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/pve-root: 7.8 GiB, 8321499136 bytes, 16252928 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

可以看到硬盘有 58G 但分区没有那么大
2. 执行

parted /dev/sda

提示

GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)

输入

print

提示

(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 62.3GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
 1      17.4kB  1049kB  1031kB                     bios_grub
 2      1049kB  538MB   537MB   fat32              boot, esp
 3      538MB   34.4GB  33.8GB                     lvm

(parted)

LVM 分区只有 33.8GB
4. 因为我们是为了扩容 LVM，因此输入

resizepart 3 100%
quit

给 /dev/sda3分区增加空间，注意里边的命令 resizepart 3 100% ，是把剩余的空间全部给到 / dev/sda3

注意分区编号

提示

(parted) resizepart 3 100%
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

接下来你就可以看到 / dev/sda3 分区的大小已经变化, 看 End 值

root@pve:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 58 GiB, 62277025792 bytes, 121634816 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 0C17A6FD-69E2-401F-97C8-209F38118AC9

Device       Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1       34      2047      2014 1007K BIOS boot
/dev/sda2     2048   1050623   1048576  512M EFI System
/dev/sda3  1050624 121634782 120584159 57.5G Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/pve-swap: 3.9 GiB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/pve-root: 7.8 GiB, 8321499136 bytes, 16252928 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

更新物理卷的大小，当然这里前提是使用了 LVM

pvresize /dev/sda3

提示

Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized

扩容逻辑卷

通过/etc/pve/storage.cfg, 可看到以下内容

root@pve:~# cat /etc/pve/storage.cfg
dir: local
        path /var/lib/vz
        content iso,vztmpl,backup

lvmthin: local-lvm
        thinpool data
        vgname pve
        content rootdir,images

local-lvm 实际上是对应 pve VG 卷组里的 data 逻辑卷 (lv)

执行

lvdisplay

获取 LVM 逻辑卷具体信息

root@pve:~# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/pve/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                ArHV9L-H5ZI-M4gs-Gj1M-4bFV-qbWO-K2VYk4
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-07-02 19:06:14 +0800
  LV Status              available
 # open                 2
  LV Size                <3.88 GiB
  Current LE             992
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/pve/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                L1MtJ0-LX2s-JfVn-5bTY-WdM8-jfxZ-Gi2oTD
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-07-02 19:06:14 +0800
  LV Status              available
 # open                 1
  LV Size                7.75 GiB
  Current LE             1984
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                data
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                AYiySQ-K6O5-Ye17-XAtF-m154-tRoG-mljDuL
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-07-02 19:06:15 +0800
  LV Pool metadata       data_tmeta
  LV Pool data           data_tdata
  LV Status              available
 # open                 0
  LV Size                <14.00 GiB
  Allocated pool data    0.00%
  Allocated metadata     1.58%
  Current LE             3583
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:4

使用pvs命令查看物理卷（PV）使用情况。

root@pve:~# pvs
  PV         VG  Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda3  pve lvm2 a--  <57.50g <29.88g

可以看到还有 29.88g 的剩余空间
4. 使用 lvextend 命令扩容逻辑卷。

lvextend [-L +/- <增减容量>] <逻辑卷名称>

例如

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/pve/data

提示

root@pve:~# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/pve/data
  Size of logical volume pve/data_tdata changed from <14.00 GiB (3583 extents) to 43.87 GiB (11231 extents).
  Logical volume pve/data_tdata successfully resized.

提示扩容成功

使用

pvs
lvdisplay

确认扩容成功

root@pve:~# pvs
  PV         VG  Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda3  pve lvm2 a--  <57.50g    0
root@pve:~# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/pve/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                ArHV9L-H5ZI-M4gs-Gj1M-4bFV-qbWO-K2VYk4
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-07-02 19:06:14 +0800
  LV Status              available
 # open                 2
  LV Size                <3.88 GiB
  Current LE             992
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/pve/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                L1MtJ0-LX2s-JfVn-5bTY-WdM8-jfxZ-Gi2oTD
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-07-02 19:06:14 +0800
  LV Status              available
 # open                 1
  LV Size                7.75 GiB
  Current LE             1984
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                data
  VG Name                pve
  LV UUID                AYiySQ-K6O5-Ye17-XAtF-m154-tRoG-mljDuL
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time proxmox, 2020-07-02 19:06:15 +0800
  LV Pool metadata       data_tmeta
  LV Pool data           data_tdata
  LV Status              available
 # open                 0
  LV Size                43.87 GiB
  Allocated pool data    0.00%
  Allocated metadata     1.59%
  Current LE             11231
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:4

在 pve 控制端网页也显示正常，增大到 43.87G